Dépression, conduites violentes et de négociation en réaction à la violence d'un conjoint : contribution de la dépendance et de l'autocritique

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Répercussions d’une enfance vécue en institution : le cas des Enfants de Duplessis

Les conséquences négatives d’un placement en institution sur les enfants ont été documentées, mais aucune étude n’a porté sur les orphelins et les enfants placés une fois devenus adultes. Au Québec, les Enfants de Duplessis offrent un témoignage poignant des répercussions à long terme d’une enfance vécue en institution. Les histoires recueillies auprès de 40 hommes et 41 femmes ayant grandi en institution à l’époque de Duplessis font état d’un nombre élevé d’abus et d’expériences adverses, incluant les agressions physiques, psychologiques et sexuelles. Le milieu était peu stimulant et offrait peu d’opportunités de développer des relations d’attachement positives et significatives. Lorsqu’ils sont appariés et comparés à des adultes provenant de l’enquête Santé-Québec, les Enfants de Duplessis devenus adultes rapportent plus de problèmes de santé liés au stress et une détresse psychologique plus importante. Nos résultats indiquent également que les personnes ayant disposé de peu de ressources et d’aptitudes personnelles dans l’enfance sont les plus affectées par les expériences adverses.Whereas the immediate consequences of institutionalized placements on children have been documented, no study has investigated adults who were raised in orphanages or institutions. In Quebec, les enfants de Duplessis offer a unique testimony of the long term consequences of an institutionalized childhood. Stories collected from 40 men and 41 women who grew up in institution in Duplessis’era indicate a high number of abuse and aversive experiences, including physical, psychological and sexual aggressions. In addition, the environment was poor in stimulation and opportunities to develop positive attachment relationships with adults. When matched and compared to adults from the Santé-Québec survey, les enfants de Duplessis report a higher number of health problems associated with stress and more psychological distress. Moreover, our results indicate that those who had fewer strengths and aptitudes in childhood are the most affected by unfavourable experiences.Se han documentado las consecuencias negativas del ingreso de los niños a una institución, pero ningún estudio trata acerca de los adultos que fueron internados cuando eran niños o quedaron huérfanos. En Quebec los niños de Duplessis son un testimonio desgarrador de las repercusiones a largo plazo de una infancia vivida en una institución. Las historias recopiladas de 40 hombres y 41 mujeres que crecieron en una institución en la época de Duplessis constatan el número elevado de abusos y experiencias adversas, incluyendo agresiones físicas, psicológicas y sexuales. El medio era poco estimulante y ofrecía pocas oportunidades de desarrollar relaciones de apego positivas y significativas. Al emparejarlos y compararlos a los adultos provenientes de la encuesta de Salud Quebec, los niños de Duplessis, quienes ya son adultos, reportan más problemas de salud relacionados al estrés y un desasosiego psicológico más importante. Nuestros resultados indican también que las personas que disponen de pocos recursos y aptitudes personales en su infancia son las más afectadas por las experiencias adversas.As conseqüências negativas de uma internação em instituição sobre as crianças foram documentadas, mas nenhum estudo foi realizado sobre os órfãos e as crianças internadas quando já se tornaram adultas. No Quebec, as “crianças de Duplessis” testemunham de maneira profunda das repercussões a longo prazo de uma infância vivida em instituição. As histórias recolhidas junto a 40 homens e 41 mulheres que cresceram em instituição na época do governo de Duplessis relatam um alto número de abusos e de experiências adversas, incluindo agressões físicas, psicológicas e sexuais. O meio era pouco estimulante e oferecia poucas oportunidades de desenvolver relações de apego positivas e significativas. Quando eles foram colocados lado a lado e comparados aos adultos vindos da pesquisa de Santé-Québec, as “crianças de Duplessis” que se tornaram adultas sofrem mais de problemas de saúde ligados ao estresse e a uma depressão psicológica mais importante. Nossos resultados indicam igualmente que as pessoas que dispuseram de poucos recursos e aptidões pessoais na infância são mais afetadas pelas experiências adversas

Les expériences vécues par les enfants de Duplessis institutionnalisés : les conséquences après plus de 50 ans

Dans cet article, les auteurs présentent les résultats qualitatifs recueillis à partir de questionnaires et d’entrevues semi-structurées destinés à documenter les expériences tant actuelles que passées des enfants de Duplessis institutionnalisés (EDI). Des exemples typiques et deux cas représentatifs sont présentés. Les résultats indiquent que les abus et la négligence subis par les EDI pendant l’enfance ont compromis leur ajustement psychosocial à long terme. Ils révèlent aussi que les EDI qui ont rapporté au moins quatre forces pendant leur enfance étaient plus susceptibles d’être protégés à l’âge adulte contre les effets négatifs de leur placement.In this article, the authors present qualitative results, derived from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, to describe past and present experiences of the Duplessis children. Examples representative of their experience and a detailed description of two cases are provided. Results indicate that childhood abuse and negligence are related to poorer long-term psychological adjustment. The findings also demonstrate that reporting at least four strengths in childhood can have long-term protective effects.En este artículo, los autores presentan los resultados cualitativos recopilados a partir de cuestionarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas destinadas a documentar las experiencias, tanto recientes como pasadas, de los niños de Duplessis que fueron institucionalizados (EDI). Se presentan ejemplos típicos y dos casos representativos. Los resultados indican que los abusos y la negligencia sufridos por los EDI durante la infancia han comprometido su ajuste psicosocial a largo plazo. También revelan que los EDI que han reportado al menos cuatro fuerzas durante su infancia eran más susceptibles de estar protegidos en la edad adulta contra los efectos negativos de su colocación.Neste artigo, os autores apresentam os resultados qualitativos coletados a partir de questionários e entrevistas semi-estruturadas destinados a documentar as experiências tanto atuais quanto passadas das crianças de Duplessis institucionalizadas (CDI). São apresentados exemplos típicos e dois casos representativos. Os resultados indicam que os abusos e a negligência sofridos pelas CDI durante a infância comprometeram seu ajuste psicossocial a longo prazo. Eles revelam também que as CDI que relataram, pelo menos, quatro aspectos positivos durante sua infância eram mais susceptíveis de ser protegidas durante a idade adulta contra os efeitos negativos de sua internação

Ingénierie des réseaux productifs orientés service

http://www.easy-dim.org/reunions/iesi-2010/IESI10_Elhabib.pdfNational audienc

Epistemic injustices and participatory research: A research agenda at the crossroads of university and community

This article presents an innovative framework to evaluate participatory research. The framework, comprising both a methodology and a self-assessment tool, was developed through a participatory approach to knowledge production and mobilisation. This process took place over the last two years as we, a multidisciplinary team made up of researchers and community-based organisation members from the Groupe de recherche et de formation sur la pauvreté au Québec, were building a scientific program on social injustices and participatory research. We argue that participatory research can help provide a university-community co-constructed response to epistemic injustices embedded within the processes of knowledge production. From our perspective, the mobilisation of knowledge from the university and the community, initiated at the earliest stages of the creation of a research team, is part of a critical approach to the academic production of knowledge. It also constitutes a laboratory for observing, understanding and attempting to reduce epistemic injustices through building bridges between team members. The article focuses on two dimensions of the framework mentioned above: (1) The methodology we established to build co-learning spaces at the crossroads of university and community-based organisations (recruitment of a coordinator to organise and facilitate the workshops, informal and friendly meetings, regular clarification of the process and rules of operation, time for everyone to express themselves, informal preparatory meetings for those who wanted them, financial compensation where required, etc.); and (2) A self-assessment tool available in open access that we built during the process to help academics and their partners engage in a reflexive evaluation of participatory research processes from the point of view of epistemic injustices. Throughout we pay particular attention to challenges inherent in our research program and our responses, and finish with some concluding thoughts on key issues that emerged over the course of two years’ research

Rethinking Liberal Multiculturalism: Foundations, Practices and Methodologies

The article introduces a special issue on “Rethinking Liberal Multiculturalism: Foundations, Practices and Methodologies.” The contributions presented in this special issue were discussed during the conference « Multicultural Citizenship 25 Years Later », held in Paris in November 2021. Their aim is to take stock of the legacy of Kymlicka’s contribution and to highlight new developments in theories of liberal multiculturalism and minority rights. The contributions do not purport to challenge the legitimacy of theories of multiculturalism and minority rights, they rather aim at deepening our understanding of the foundations of liberal multiculturalism and of its practical implementation, sensitive to social scientific dynamics of diverse societies. Without abandoning the general idea that cultural minorities should be granted special minority rights, the essays presented raise new questions about three dimensions central to liberal multiculturalism: its normative foundations, its practical categories of minorities or groups, and its fact-sensitive methodology. Taken together they shed light on the renewed variety of theories of liberal multiculturalism highlighting their complexity and internal disagreements. To introduce these articles, the article first draws a brief historical overview of the debates on multiculturalism since the 1990s (section 1). It then highlights the distinctive aspects of Kymlicka’s contribution (section 2) and identifies recent research trends (section 3). Doing so, it explains how the articles gathered here both expand on those distinctive aspects and explore those new research avenues. The section 4 summarizes the contributions

Utility of Quantitative 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT for 90yttrium-Labelled Microsphere Treatment Planning: Calculating Vascularized Hepatic Volume and Dosimetric Approach

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of SPECT/CT for volume measurements and to report a case illustrating the major impact of SPECT/CT in calculating the vascularized liver volume and dosimetry prior to injecting radiolabelled yttrium-90 microspheres (Therasphere). Materials and Methods. This was a phantom study, involving volume measurements carried out by two operators using SPECT and SPECT/CT images. The percentage of error for each method was calculated, and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated. A treatment using Therasphere was planned in a patient with three hepatic arteries, and the quantitative analysis of SPECT/CT for this patient is provided. Results. SPECT/CT volume measurements proved to be accurate (mean error <6% for volumes ≥16 cm3) and reproductive (interobserver agreement = 0.9). In the case report, 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT identified a large liver volume, not previously identified with angiography, which was shown to be vascularized after selective MAA injection into an arterial branch, resulting in a large modification in the activity of Therasphere used. Conclusions. MAA SPECT/CT is accurate for vascularized liver volume measurements, providing a valuable contribution to the therapeutic planning of patients with complex hepatic vascularization

Retrospective studies on rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks caused by RHDV GI.2 virus on farms in France from 2013 to 2018

[EN] Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a critical health threat to the rabbit industry in Europe. In 2018, the French rabbit industry adopted a voluntary control plan against this disease. In this context, two epidemiological studies were conducted on RHD outbreaks that occurred between 2013 and 2018 in France. The objectives were to describe the spread of RHD due to the new genotype RHDV GI.2 (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus GI.2) and to identify rearing factors influencing the occurrence of the disease in order to guide the prevention measures recommended in the control plan. An analysis of cases on 295 farms between 2013 and 2017 showed that 32% of farms were affected at least once; the incidence of the disease increased in 2016-2017 compared to 2013-2015. Farms already affected in 2013-2015 had a higher risk of being infected in 2016-2017 than those that remained unaffected until 2015 (Relative Risk and 95% Confident Interval 1.7 [1.1-2.7]). A case-control study carried out between 2016 and 2018 on 37 outbreaks and 32 control farms revealed variability in biosecurity and decontamination practices between farms. The risk of being infected tends to be linked to these practices, but certain structural factors (e.g. the manure disposal system, transfer of rabbits at weaning) could also influence the risk of virus introduction into farms. In the context of a limited vaccination coverage of the farms (only females are vaccinated), these hypotheses will be studied further, using information from the RHD outbreak monitoring system implemented at the same time as the control plan in 2018.This study was founded by the French Ministry of Agriculture (2017-430 / 170274).Huneau-Salaün, A.; Boucher, S.; Fontaine, J.; Le Normand, B.; Lopez, S.; Maurice, T.; Nouvel, L.... (2021). Retrospective studies on rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks caused by RHDV GI.2 virus on farms in France from 2013 to 2018. 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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease and the biological control of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus Cuniculus, in Australia and New Zealand. Wildlife Res., 29: 689-706. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR02010Dalton K.P., Balseiro A., Juste R.A., Podadera A., Nicieza I., del Llano D., González R., Martin Alonso J.M., Prieto J.M., Parra F., Casais R. 2018. Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread. Vet. Microbiol., 220: 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.033Dohoo I., Martin W., Stryhn H. 2003. Measures of disease frequency. In: Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, First Edition, AVC Inc., Charlottetown, Canada, 65-84.Hall R.N., Huang N., Roberts J., Strive T. 2019. Carrion flies as sentinels for monitoring lagovirus activity in Australia. Transboundary Emerg. Dis., 66: 2025-2032. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13250Henning J., Meers J., Davies R., Morris R.S. 2005. Survival of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the environment. Epidemiol. Infect., 133: 719-730. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268805003766Hurand J. 2016. L'élevage de lapins de chair en France, résultats technico-économiques 2015. Tema, 40.ITAVI. 2019. Situation de la filière cunicole. Novembre 2019. 6 p. Available athttps://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/note-deconjoncture-lapins-7Accessed December 2019.Le Gall-Reculé G., Zwingelstein F., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Plassiart G., Portejoie Y., Decors A., Bertagnoli S., Guérin J.L., Marchandeau S. 2011. Detection of a new variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in France. Vet. Rec., 168: 137- 138. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d697Le Gall-Reculé G., Lavazza A., Marchandeau S., Bertagnoli S., Zwingelstein F., Cavadini P., Martinelli N., Lombardi G., Guérin J.L., Lemaitre E., Decors A., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Capucci L. 2013. Emergence of a new lagovirus related to Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. Vet. Res., 44:81. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-81Le Gall-Reculé G., Boucher S. 2017. Connaissances et actualités sur la maladie hémorragique du lapin. In Proc.: 17èmes Journées de la Recherche Cunicole, 21-22 November, 2017. Le Mans, France. 97-109.Le Minor O., Joudou L., Le Moullec T., Beilvert F. 2017. Innocuité et efficacité de la vaccination à 2 et 3 semaines d'âge contre le virus RHDV2 de la maladie hémorragique virale du lapin (VHD). In Proc.:17èmes Journées de la Recherche Cunicole, 21-22 November, 2017. Le Mans, France. 127-130.Le Minor O., Boucher S., Joudou L., Mellet R., Sourice M., Le Moullec T., Nicoler A., Beilvert F., Sigognault-Flochlay A. 2019. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: experimental study of a recent highly pathogenic GI.2/RJDV2/b strain and evaluation of vaccine efficacy. World Rabbit Sci., 27: 143-156.https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11082Le Pendu J., Abrantes J., Bertagnoli S., Guitton J.S., Le Gall-Reculé G., Lopes A.M., Marchandeau S., Alda F., Almeida T., Célio A. C., Barcena J., Burmakina G., Blanco E., Calvete C., Cavadini P., Cooke B., Dalton K., Mateos M.D., Deptula W., Eden J.S., Wang F., Ferreira C.C., Ferreira P., Foronda P., Gonçalves D., Gavier-Widén D., Hall R., Hukowska-Szematowicz B., Kerr P., Kovaliski J., Lavazza A., Mahar J., Malogolovkin A., Marques R.M., Marques S., Martin-Alonso A., Monterroso P., MorenoS., Mutze G., Naimanis A., Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej P., Peacock D., Parra F., Rocchi M., Rouco C., Ruvoën-Clouet N., Silva E., Silvério D., Strive T., Thompson G., Tokarz-Deptula B., Esteves P. 2017. Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses. J. Gen. Virol., 98: 1658-1666. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000840Matthaei M., Kerr P.J., Read A.J., Hick P., Haboury S., Wright J.D., Strive T. 2014. 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Recognition memory, self-other source memory, and theory-of-mind in children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study investigated semantic and episodic memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using a task which assessed recognition and self-other source memory. Children with ASD showed undiminished recognition memory but significantly diminished source memory, relative to age- and verbal ability-matched comparison children. Both children with and without ASD showed an “enactment effect”, demonstrating significantly better recognition and source memory for self-performed actions than other-person-performed actions. Within the comparison group, theory-of-mind (ToM) task performance was significantly correlated with source memory, specifically for other-person-performed actions (after statistically controlling for verbal ability). Within the ASD group, ToM task performance was not significantly correlated with source memory (after controlling for verbal ability). Possible explanations for these relations between source memory and ToM are considered